Friday, July 12, 2019

“The Guns at Last Light: The War in Western Europe, 1944-1945. Volume Three of the Liberation Trilogy”, by Rick Atkinson


928 pages, Holt Paperbacks, ISBN-13: 978-1250037817

This is the third volume Rick Atkinson’s “Liberation Trilogy”, which is essentially the story of the U.S. Army in the African and European Theater from 1942 to 1945. As should be obvious by now, Atkinson is a superlative writer who can take a wealth of otherwise meaningless statistics and weave those numbers into meaningful prose. What he has also done is written, essentially, an emotional history of the American ground war in Europe; the reader is carried though chapters written to help them feel a literary equivalent to what soldier experienced, as impossible as that ultimately is. The mood of the lead in to D-Day is expectant: there is something at once grand and foreboding about the business of loading into ships, handling the pages of plans and tonnage of materials. The landing and breakout from the beach is something of a shock and is given to us in flashes or recollection and reconstruction; the reader sees pieces of the larger events much as a soldier will have moments of clarity between moment of keeping his head down and hanging on. And so onwards as Atkinson describes the final years of this war with its blood its muck and its suffering, with the everyday experiences of the average soldier being placed side-by-side with the larger strategic discussions of generals and politicians.

The details are extraordinary without ever being overwhelming. For instance, we have a lengthy discussion of losses due to trench foot (caused by the prolonged exposure of feet to damp, unsanitary and cold conditions which caused them to become numb, turn red or blue as a result of poor blood supply, and even the early stages of tissue death) and a shorter one about desertion (reaching as high as 6.3 percent of the armed forces in 1944, and during the American reverses at the Battle of the Bulge the army executed one American soldier, Private Ernie Slovik, for desertion in the face of the enemy as an example to other troops, the last American soldier to be so executed). Some units always seemed to be take the point, the result of which that entire Divisions would suffer 200% casualties – you read that correctly:  200% casualties, in that for every soldier in their per-invasion count, they would need two replacements before the end of the war. Ironically, one of the more moving vignettes in this book involves a German soldier arriving home, so incensed that he grenades a piano before pouring paint over the remains; both this soldier and the reader know that there is more war to come.

There is no white-washing of the angst the allied or the axis leaders felt during the war, while there is candid exploration of the decision-making on both sides. Eisenhower is the hero of the book, if somewhat remote, while Patton is, I think, clearly the authors favorite (that’s not to say that Patton gets a free pass on all his doings). I would have liked to know more about Bradley, but somehow Atkinson does not see him as a big enough personality. Prime Minister Churchill is alternately a drunken figure of fun and a clever statesman, while Roosevelt is the iron-willed leader the Allies needed (a not entirely accurate assessment, I might add, especially to anyone who has read Churchill: Walking with Destiny by Andrew Roberts, reviewed by me on February 8, 2019). After completing this trilogy, I came away with an overwhelming sense of sadness about the Second World War, and indeed all wars in general; leaders are human and imperfect, and they make atrocious mistakes – sometimes due to their own personal arrogance, often due to incompetence, but even more often due to ignorance about war and how to fight effectively – all of which results in death and destruction on a large scale. Mr. Atkinson captures all this so very effectively. For me this was an insightful journey into the behind-the-scenes face of WWII.

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